The Evolution of Protostellar Outflow Cavities, Kinematics, and Angular Distribution of Momentum and Energy in Orion A: Evidence for Dynamical Cores

Abstract We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the ∼10,000 au environment surrounding 21 protostars in Orion A molecular cloud tracing outflows. Our sample is composed Class 0 to flat-spectrum protostars, spanning full ∼1 Myr lifetime. derive angular distribution outflow momentum and energy profiles obtain first two-dimensional instantaneous mass, momentum, ejection rate maps using our new approach: pixel flux-tracing technique. results indicate that by end protostellar phase, outflows will remove ∼2–4 M ⊙ from low-mass core. These high values a significant amount gas their parent cores continuous core accretion larger scales needed replenish material for star formation. This poses serious challenges concept as well-defined mass reservoirs , hence simplified core-to-star conversion prescriptions. Furthermore, we show cavity opening angles, distributions all increase with protostar evolutionary stage. clear evidence even garden-variety outflows: (a) effectively inject into environments on 10,000 scales, (b) significantly disrupt natal cores, ejecting large fraction would have otherwise fed nascent star. support conclusion direct impact how stars get sites individual formation are far more dynamic than commonly accepted theoretical paradigms.